From Twitter:
A: Jan won't brush.
B: __ her do it before TV. (1.)
A: She won't.
B: And the new tooth paste?
A: She hates it, and she's always on her phone.
B: Get her a new app; that'll __ her to do it! (2.)
A: I tried.
B: __ her do it by saying no phone. (3.)
Choices:
a. make
b. get
c. have
日本語訳
Twitterより。親たちが歯を磨かない娘ジャンについて話しています。「テレビを見る前に磨かせて」「新しいアプリを与えたら磨く気になるかも」「携帯を使わせないと言って磨かせて」と、have / get / make の使役表現を選ぶ問題です。
The answers are:
1. have
2. get
3. make
EXPLANATION
Sometimes we need someone to do something. When we ask and that person does it, we say we have or had that person do it for us:
Example 1
Mary: Did you get your hair cut? (We don't usually cut our own hair.)
Nancy: Yeah. I had Sweeney do it--at Super Kuts.
Mary: Sweeney did a good job. Maybe I should have my hair done there.
Example 2
Mom had the repairman fix the washing machine on Saturday.
In the above two examples we can use 'have' or 'get' interchangeably--but sometimes we have to persuade (convince) someone to do something. In this case we use "get" exclusively:
Example 3
I couldn't get myself to quit smoking--even after I learned that there is nuclear radiation in cigarettes. Well--it was winter and very cold, so I started keeping my cigarettes in the garage! Eventually, I grew tired of putting on my shoes and coat just to have a smoke--and I got sick of the cold, outside; so I began smoking less and less, and finally I just quit! That's how I got myself to do it!
Example 4
Little John John wouldn't clean up his toys after playing, so his father, Jack, promised to read to John John a story if John John would clean up. John John loved stories, so he started to put away his toys after playing, and Jack kept his promise of reading to him. That is how Jack got Jon Jon to always clean up his toys.
Finally, we sometimes have to force people to do something; in this case we use the word make:
Example 5
The police made the bank robber give up by shooting the money bag out of his hand. The thief was so frightened that he dropped his gun, raised his hands and surrendered.
In the Twitter quiz from today, parents are discussing their daughter, Jan--who will not brush her teeth. One parent suggests, that the other parent have Jan do it before watching TV. This means he is saying ask or tell her expecting her to do it. There is no persuasion or force.
Then the other parent says Jan will not do it. So, persuasion is suggested: Get Jan to cooperate by promising she can have a new phone app. That won''t work. The other parent tried that.
Finally, force is suggested: Make Jan brush her teeth by saying 'no TV if you don't brush your teeth it.'
Usually 'make' is used in more forceful situations, perhaps violent ones, but I did not want to say the parents would hit Jan; violence is never a good motivator for raising healthy children.
解答・解説の日本語訳
順に have、get、make。have someone do は、頼んだり指示したりして相手にしてもらうこと。メアリー「髪を切った？」ナンシー「うん、スーパー・カッツのスウィーニーに切ってもらった」。メアリー「上手ね。私もそこで髪を切ってもらおうかな」。この例では、通常は自分で自分の髪を切らず、他人にしてもらいます。もう一つの例は「母は土曜日に修理業者に洗濯機を直してもらった」です。こうした場合は have と get を入れ替えられることもあります。しかし相手を説得して行動してもらうときには get を使います。例３では、タバコに放射性物質があると知ってもなかなか禁煙できなかった人が、冬の寒いガレージにタバコを置きました。吸うたびに靴とコートを着て外へ出るのが面倒になり、次第に本数が減って、ついにやめられました。このように自分を仕向けたのが get myself to do です。例４では、ジョン・ジョンが玩具を片付けなかったため、父親ジャックが「片付けたら本を読んであげる」と約束します。子どもは物語が大好きなので片付けるようになり、父親も約束を守りました。これも説得して行動を促した例です。最後に make someone do は強制すること。例５では、警官が強盗の持つ金袋を撃ち落とすと、強盗は怖くなって銃を落とし、手を上げて降伏しました。冒頭のクイズでは、まず「テレビを見る前に歯を磨くようジャンに言う」、それでだめなら新しいアプリを約束して説得し、それも試した後には「磨かなければテレビは禁止」として強制する、という流れです。make はさらに強い、暴力的な状況で使われることもありますが、筆者は親が子どもをたたく例にしたくなかったと言い、暴力は健全な子育ての動機付けにはならないと明記しています。